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X Xanthium strumarium, Xanthocercis zambesiaca

Xanthium strumarium

Taxonomy: Kingdom : Plantae

Division : Magnoliophyta

Class : Magnoliopsida

Order : Asterales

Family : Asteraceae

Genus : Xanthium

Chemical Composition:

Twenty-two compounds representing 86.4% of the stem oil of Xanthium strumarium among which bornyl acetate (19.5%), limonene (15.0%) and β-selinene (10.1%) were the major ones. The leaf oil of the plant was characterized by higher amount of limonene (24.7%) and borneol (10.6%) among the 28 components comprising 85.2% of the total oil detected. Eighteen components were identified in the oil of Centaurea solstitialis representing 86.6% of the total oil with hexadecanoic acid (30.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (25.2%) .

Part used : Stem, leaves and fruit

Reference:

Chemical Constitutents :

Composition of the Essential Oils of Xanthium strumarium L. and Cetaurea solstitialis L. from Iran.

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4091/is_200607/ai_n17186890/pg_

Antihyperglycemic activity

Caffeic acid as active principle from the fruit of Xanthium strumarium to lower plasma glucose in diabetic rats. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed /10821047